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Biological Background

First, please excuse the inferior quality of the pictures on this page. They were hasty scanned from my thesis, and my scanner had some serious problems, too. For this page I have taken only the most important pictures. You can see more by following the links.

Here you find the fundamentals to understand for what I developed the programs Kyberniidae and Coupled Oscillators. I don't describe the biological "WHY" of M. elongatas calling song but the technical "HOW". An exhaustive discussion of the biological relevance you'll find in my master thesis "Dynamik der Gesangsinteraktion bei der Laubheuschrecke Mecopoda elongata L." (1997; in German, sorry!) and in Sismondo (1991), or more general about calling songs of various animals in e.g. Greenfield (1996).


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Solo singers


Calling song of an individual male of M. elongata. The animal produced a chirp every 1.8 s.


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Boy groups in concert


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Karaoke! Singing to given rhythms


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Phase Response: Influence of single chirps on individuals calling songs

PRC (Phase Response Curve) Typical phase response to stimulus chirps of high intensity (78 dB SPL). Abscissa: normalized phase of stimulus (f) in chirp circle. Ordinate: Deviation from undisturbed circle length; T: length of disturbed circle, T0: circle length in freerun.

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The model


Graphical coupling of two oscillators. See text.


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Does reality match the model?


Reality versus model. Phase histograms of a males chirps in constant stimulus' cycles (figure of recording, 170 kb). Below you see the predicted phases. Individuals freerun cycle length was 2450 ms (these experiment were done at 22°C, therefore the slower rhythm); stimulus cycle were 2100 (A ), 2950 (B) and 3050 ms (C).

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Cellular Automata


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Copyright © 1994-1999 by Klaus F. Steiner, 10-8-1999. All rights reserved.